In this study, the theory of Psychoanalysis has been used as a mechanism to find out the hidden meaning of the novel “The Comeback”, particularly with the character of Grace. In the same way, we become familiars with the execution of the Trauma theory. Grace faces trauma in the form of childhood sexual abuse and it impacts the development of her character. So, this  Psychoanalytical Study has traced the Traumatic impact on Grace’s character.  

Grace is manipulated by the Hollywood director Able Yorke. Because of this trauma, she went out of control and she become addicted to drugs to escape her life. Immediately one day she disappears from the public eye when she was nominated for an award. She spends the year quietly. This research work has provided an understanding of the Trauma theory from the novel  “The Comeback” protagonist as well as learning the concept of psychoanalysis and how it relates to the literature. In the second place, it explores the execution of the psychoanalysis theory on the literary text of the Grace character by exploring the unknown and hidden perspective of Grace Character employing the trauma theory. The interrogation of this research is the justification of how childhood sexual abuse and its aftereffects impact the development of  Grace’s character and more particularly to what extent does the sexual abuse of the protagonist shows her abnormal behavior, So, this dissertation has provided a comprehensive understanding of psychoanalysis as well as trauma theory under the observation of the Berman’s novel The  Comeback.

 Work Cited List 

ARCHIVIST. “When Is Child Sexual Abuse Not Child Sexual Abuse?”. Archives Of Disease  In Childhood, vol 79, no. 1, 1998, pp. 43-43. BMJ 

Balaev, Michelle. “Trends in literary trauma theory.” Mosaic: A journal for the  interdisciplinary study of literature (2008): 149-166. 

Barry, Peter . “ Beginning Theory”. Manchester University Press, 2002 

Barrett, Betty. “The Impact Of Childhood Sexual Abuse And Other Forms Of Childhood  Adversity On Adulthood Parenting”. Journal Of Child Sexual Abuse, vol 18, no. 5, 2009, pp.  489-512. Informa UK Limited, 

Berger, James et al. “Trauma And Literary Theory”. Contemporary Literature, vol 38, no. 3,  1997, p. 569. University Of Wisconsin press 

Berman, Ella. The Comeback. Penguin Publishing Group, 2020, pp. 35-40. 

Berman, Emanuel. “Psychoanalysis As Literature?”. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, vol 43,  no. 2, 2007, pp. 298-304. Informa UK Limited 

Black, S.A. (1970) “Walt Whitman and Psychoanalytic Criticism: A Response to Arthur  Gloden Literature and Psychology”, Vol. 20.2, 70-74. 

36 

Devardhi, Julia. (2009) “Application of Freudian Concepts to the Explication of Literary  Texts: A Case Study of Walt Whitman’s “The Sleepers”. African Research Review,  Vol.3.1,436-450.  

Dhawan, Sonia, and W.L. Marshall. “Sexual Abuse Histories Of Sexual Offenders”. Sexual  Abuse, vol 8, no. 1, 1996, pp. 7-15. SAGE Publications 

Edwards, Damyan. “Childhood Sexual Abuse And Brain Development: A Discussion Of  Associated Structural Changes And Negative Psychological Outcomes”. Child Abuse  Review, vol 27, no. 3, 2018, pp. 198-208. Wiley 

Freud, S. Interpretation of Dream. (1913) 3rd edition, Trans. Brill A A. Macmillan. New  York 

Gana, Nouri. “Of Contrapuntology: Said’s Freud”. Theory &Amp; Event, vol 7, no. 2, 2004.  Project Muse 

Hughes, Mary, and Jill Cossar. “The Relationship Between Maternal Childhood Emotional  Abuse/Neglect And Parenting Outcomes: A Systematic Review”. Child Abuse Review, vol  25, no. 1, 2015, pp. 31-45. Wiley 

Kramer, Milton. “Sigmund Freud’S The Interpretation Of Dreams: The Initial Response  (1899-1908).”. Dreaming, vol 4, no. 1, 1994, pp. 47-52. American Psychological  Association , 

37 

Maupassant, Guy de. “Extrait De La Nuit De Guy De Maupassant, 1887”. Bulletin D’histoire  De L’électricité, vol 25, no. 1, 1995, pp. 152-153. PERSEE Program,  

Noga Levine Keini, Macbeth – The Danger of Passion, Power, and Betrayal: A  Psychoanalytic Perspective, Humanities, and Social Sciences. Vol. 8, No. 6, 2020, pp. 191- 199. DOI: 10.11648/j.hss.20200806.14 

Summit, Roland C. “Abuse Of The Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome“. Journal  Of Child Sexual Abuse, vol 1, no. 4, 1993, pp. 153-164. Informa UK Limited, 

Thither, Allen. “A Theory Of Literature Or Recent Literature As Theory”. Contemporary  Literature, vol 29, no. 3, 1988, p. 337. University Of Wisconsin Press 

Xu, Yin, and Yong Zheng. “Does Sexual Orientation Precede Childhood Sexual Abuse?  Childhood Gender Nonconformity As A Risk Factor And Instrumental Variable Analysis”. Sexual Abuse, vol 29, no. 8, 2015, pp. 786-802. SAGE Publications

“Copyright also known as author’s right is an exclusive right that authors have over their artistic and literary work”. So, it is a kind of protection that ranges from all types of literature to computer programs, technical drawings, advertisements, maps, etc. (Kim, 2020)

Copyright is a legal term that describes the law that gives protection to creators’ work either published or unpublished. These collections of rights automatically vest to the person who makes an original work of authorship such as a book, movie, song, etc. plagiarism is considered a serious academic offense so no one else can use or present the work as its own without proper citing, although the authors have the right to reproduce the work and display the work publicly (Kim, 2020). Copyright law is justified by the World Intellectual Property Organization, first in the pact of “Protection of Industrial Property” during the Paris Convention of 1883 and during the Berne Convention of 1886, when they have the treaty “Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.” At the time, intellectual properties were acknowledged with the emerging societies attribute.

Copyright law was first coined in the United Kingdom with the concept of the common law of authorship, represented as the statute of Anne 1709. After passing the copyright act 1911, this common law adopted statutory law (MINAMI, 2010). The current act is the designs, the copyright, and patents act 1988. The main purpose of the copyright laws is to protect and provide security to the authors, publishers, performers, broadcasters, artists and many others whose all career depends on their intellectual property and recognition of rights”.

Copyright law in the UAE has vast applications. Intellectual property laws have been issued by President Zayad which was achieved through putting in place a law that provides years of protection with licensing, and punishment in case of any law offense (UAE Interact 2002). According to intellectual property laws issued by President Zayed, the owner is the right party to sue in court upon infringement, protection of the work includes books, articles, songs, and computer software. Further, UAE copyright laws assure that any person found showing someone else works as his or her property without the owner’s authorization, will face severe penalties waiting (UAE Interact, 2002). This could lead to imprisonment if the offense is repeated and justified. In short, copyright law protects the motivation of creativity.

References
Kim, K., 2020. Revised Korea-Japan Copyright Acts on ‘Limitations on Copyright for Educational Purpose’. Korea Copyright Commission, 33(3), pp.75-110.

MINAMI, R., 2010. Tell me more about copyright : Part1: What is copyright? What is the use of copyright materials?. Journal of Information Processing and Management, 53(7), pp.381-395.

MINAMI, R., 2010. Tell me more about copyright : Part1: What is copyright? What is the use of copyright materials?. Journal of Information Processing and Management, 53(7), pp.381-395.

Murray, L., 2004. Escaping from the Pirates: History, Literary Criticism, and American Copyright. American Literary History, 16(4), pp.719-727.
post
2022-07-20 06:46:56

Introduction

Definition of Copyright law

“Copyright also known as author’s right is an exclusive right that authors have over their artistic and literary work”.   So, it is a kind of protection that ranges from all types of literature to computer programs, technical drawings, advertisements, maps, etc. (Kim, 2020)

Discussion 

Copyright is a legal term that describes the law that gives protection to creators’ work either published or unpublished. These collections of rights automatically vest to the person who makes an original work of authorship such as a book, movie, song, etc. plagiarism is considered a serious academic offense so no one else can use or present the work as its own without proper citing, although the authors have the right to reproduce the work and display the work publicly (Kim, 2020). Copyright law is justified by the World Intellectual Property Organization, first in the pact of “Protection of Industrial Property” during the Paris Convention of 1883 and during the Berne Convention of 1886, when they have the treaty “Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.” At the time, intellectual properties were acknowledged with the emerging societies attribute.

Copyright law was first coined in the United Kingdom with the concept of the common law of authorship, represented as the statute of Anne 1709.  After passing the copyright act 1911, this common law adopted statutory law (MINAMI, 2010).  The current act is the designs, the copyright, and patents act 1988. The main purpose of the copyright laws is to protect and provide security to the authors, publishers, performers, broadcasters, artists and many others whose all career depends on their intellectual property and recognition of rights”

Copyright law in the UAE has vast applications. Intellectual property laws have been issued by President Zayad which was achieved through putting in place a law that provides years of protection with licensing, and punishment in case of any law offense (UAE Interact 2002). According to intellectual property laws issued by President Zayed, the owner is the right party to sue in court upon infringement, protection of the work includes books, articles, songs, and computer software.  Further, UAE copyright laws assure that any person found showing someone else works as his or her property without the owner’s authorization, will face severe penalties waiting (UAE Interact, 2002). This could lead to imprisonment if the offense is repeated and justified. In short, copyright law protects the motivation of creativity.

Conclusion

There are various benefits of understanding copyright law in UAE as a communication and media science student. This is based on the fact that a media science student deals with works of art in many instances. The student should be acquainted with the essential laws to ensure that he or she avoids possible infringement.

                                              References             

Kim, K., 2020. Revised Korea-Japan Copyright Acts on ‘Limitations on Copyright for Educational Purpose’. Korea Copyright Commission, 33(3), pp.75-110.

MINAMI, R., 2010. Tell me more about copyright : Part1: What is copyright? What is the use of copyright materials?. Journal of Information Processing and Management, 53(7), pp.381-395.

MINAMI, R., 2010. Tell me more about copyright : Part1: What is copyright? What is the use of copyright materials?. Journal of Information Processing and Management, 53(7), pp.381-395.

Murray, L., 2004. Escaping from the Pirates: History, Literary Criticism, and American Copyright. American Literary History, 16(4), pp.719-727.

 
post
2022-07-21 07:16:34

Introduction

You may want something which can protect the brain, heart, and eyes along with constantly improving your stamina, mood, and waistline. That is nowhere possible but green tea might make that wish come true and there are many more benefits of drinking tea. Green tea is tea made from unfermented leaves which are more bitter in flavor and pale in color.  If we laboratories the seeds, it is made from the same regular plants but the way leaves are processed,  gives it the medicinal edge ( Rahan,2017). The history of green tea began in China, where Chinese people have much healthier lifestyles, and to maintain this life expectancy green tea major role.  It is fact that green tea is rich in catechins, most notably epigallocatechin gallate because it is exposed to minimal oxygen after harvesting.

The benefits of Drinking Green Tea have been linked to many health benefits including helping prevent cancer, weight loss, and heart functioning. This essay will look at the evidence behind these claims.

Discussion

drinking green tea may prevent cancer

Drinking green tea prevents cancer. Green tea considers a means of lowering the risk of different types of cancer including breast cancer, colon, liver, breast, bladder, prostate stomach, prostate, and pancreas.   A study was conducted on almost 70,000 women which proves that drinking regularly can reduce colorectal cancer by 57%. Similarly, another study which was conducted on almost 50,000 men for 11 to 14 years shows a % decrease in the risk of advanced prostate cancer. So, it is worthwhile to mention here its benefits against cancer” green tea extract in an oral screening program for evaluating the premalignant lesions comparing the results between the treated and untreated group (Jess, 2018). Given the wide acceptance of green tea, its benefits may help in effective chemoprevention oral cancer”

Fat burning and weight loss because of drinking green tea

Green tea does its job amazingly in fat burning and weight loss. It proves beneficial and helpful because it helps the body’s metabolism to be more efficient. It is medically proven that green tea contains caffeine and catechin, and these compounds speed up the metabolism and metabolism is the process that allows the body to convert fat into usable energy which means fat burning and weight loss because of the benefits of drinking green tea.

Shreds of evidence prove that green tea decreases both weight and body fat.  According to a recent study conducted in 2019, 60 obese people regularly drank green tea and followed a standardized diet, over the 12 weeks, those who drank green tea lost 7.3 pounds (3.3 kg). another stowaway by conducted and found that people who drink green tea extract for 12 weeks experienced decreases in body fat, waist circumference, and body weight, compared to people who do not drink (Michelle, 2018). So, on behalf of this all research, we can confidently say Green tea can help fat burning and weight loss and these amazing results are because green tea is high in catechins and caffeine.

Benefits of drinking green tea may lower heart disease risk.

You might be surprised to know that Lowering your risk of cardiovascular disease is as easy as drinking green tea. Several studies suggest that aromatic green tea may lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, which indirectly mean green tea’s association reduces the risk of death from heart disease and stroke. Add to this, there conducted a study on 40,530 Japanese adults. The result shows that participants who were drinking more than five cups of green tea a day had a 26% lower risk of death from a heart attack than people who drank less than one cup of green tea per day.

“The limited data available on green tea support a potential association between green tea and beneficial properties in relation to risk factors for cardiovascular disease,” says Kathy McManus, director of the department of nutrition at Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

Conclusion

So, the bottom line is that why one should have no such drinks in the form of tea which may become the reason for their long life( McManus, 2013).  By looking at the above argument we can say Green tea can lower heart disease risk. Green tea has many benefits as it helps prevent cancer, and weight loss and improves heart functioning.
post
2022-07-21 12:12:28

Introduction 

Most of Shirley Jackson’s works focused on human behavior and psychological analysis. Duality, madness, and evil are recurring themes in many of her works. Her best-known short story “The Lottery ” depicts the theme of the duality of human nature. People from a typical village stone an innocent person every year in town for the sake of an annual ritual. In this short story,  duality of human nature manifests in “The Lottery” when  Jackson asks whether all humans are capable of cruelty and explores how the natural inclinations of humans can be justified by emphasizing the structure and tradition of society. Philosophers are constantly questioning the basic structure of human nature through the ages: does human nature have duality? Are humans fundamentally good or evil?

In the short story “The Lottery” Jackson has urged the same questions through the depiction of an ordinary town people who are capable of unusual violence but still they are living a satisfying life. This literary analysis provides details on how the duality of human nature manifests in the short story “The Lottery” which is intentionally designed to seem timeless and universal.

Discussion

The short story starts with an annual ritual in a typical village.  When a reader starts reading it seems like someone is going to win money as the title of the story is the lottery. However, it takes a dark turn when the event is revealed that it is not about money but this was a traditional annual ritual where everyone in town got together to stone a victim whose name was picked from the lottery. “Well, now. ” Mr Summers said soberly, “guess we better get started, get this over with, so we can go back to work. Anybody ain’t here?” The ending of the story shocked many readers when the story was first published in New York, so the duality of human nature manifests in “The Lottery”

The event of the lottery shows the duality of human nature and how they are capable of having two sides of the same coin. Typical villagers follow horrible, gory, and weird, traditions based on superstition only because their ancestors used to do this ritual. “Listening to the young folks, Next thing you know, they’ll be wanting to go back to living in caves, nobody works anymore. There’s always been a lottery because of this the corn will be heavy soon, Old Man Warner said”. So, Jackson discloses that the people in the village have no humanity as everyone is still permitting the lottery, without thinking about killing. They are training their children as “Someone gave little Davy Hutchinson a few pebbles” to stone his mother Hutchinson.

The brutal ending of the story suggests that humans have a dual nature. They are ready to do great cruelty as long as their decision will not harm them directly. Even Tessie Hutchison was not against the annual ritual until she was signed out. “it isn’t fair, it isn’t right,” but now this objection has no voice as it was raised too late.

Conclusion

In conclusion: Jackson criticizes the nature of humans that we humans follow the same weird and horrible traditions if only a majority is willing to do so, without caring either action may have extreme consequences. Tessie Hutchinson was in the center of a cleared space by now. “It isn’t fair,” she said. But everyone has decided to stone, so a stone hit her on the side of the head. Old Man Warner was saying, “Come on, come on, everyone.” The story provokes the fundamental abnormality and duality of people in their nature. With this example of the lottery, Jackson draws the reader’s attention to the universality of the ideas. So, Jackson suggests the existence of such types of violence anywhere, must be due to some innate aspect of human nature.

 
post
2022-07-22 08:24:31

Introduction

The process of interacting with others to exchange information is an everyday task of humans as well as on a computer machine. Computer networking is a connection between two computers: according to the editors of the encyclopedia Britannica, when two or more computers are connected to exchange data electronically called computer networking (“computer network | Definition & Types”, 2021).

Discussion

They explained a network as a system that makes a cohesive architecture that allows a variety of equipment types to transfer information. In the same way, Cambridge Dictionary Online describes computer networking as a practice of transporting and exchanging data between nodes over a shared medium in a particular arranged system. Further, they see networking as a system that facilitates everything from telephone calls to text messaging to streaming video.

There are many types of computer networking categories based on how the network is built and the network functions.  The most important types are Personal Area Network (PAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN),   and Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).  The two most basic computer networking types that have vast use everywhere are local-area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks (WANs).

When we have to connect computers in a limited physical area, such as a college campus, business office, or laboratory, we may build a Local area network (LAN). LAN is used for a limited area, on the other side, A wide area network (WAN), is a large network of exchanging of information that is not supposed to tie to a single location. This is used for sharing information worldwide. For example, The Internet and bank cash dispenser are good examples of the WAN network. Mostly the LANs are connected to WANs, for example, a university network can be connected to the Internet, which makes it LAN to WAN (WANG, 2008).

Conclusion

In my school computer lab, we had local area networks, or LANs, as I have explained above LAN is used to connect computers typically inside one building. The networking resources were printers, IP phones, servers, routers, and computers. The Connections between the nodes were physical, with cables. That was the most common type of LAN known as Ethernet. As this is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies so each device has a unique IP address. The most important devices which were used to build that local area network was the router, Ethernet cable, crossover Ethernet cable, and network interface.

References

computer network | Definition & Types. Encyclopedia Britannica. (2021). Retrieved 14 October 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer-network.

computer. Dictionary.cambridge.org. (2021). Retrieved 14 October 2021, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/computer.

WANG, J. (2008). Service-oriented network management model based on active network technology. Journal Of Computer Applications, 28(7), 1819-1822. https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2008.01819

 
post
2022-07-22 12:54:08

Introduction 

Parenting seems the easiest thing to have an opinion about, but it becomes the hardest thing in the world to do. Developmental psychologists have found a very deep impact of parenting styles on children’s development. However, it is also true there is a rare connection between specific actions of parents and later behavior of children. A study was conducted by Diana Baumrind in the 1960s, on more than 100 preschool-age children where she became able to find four parenting styles which are authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting styles. UK and Lebanon both countries fall into the same parenting styles. Because of globalization a lot of things have been marginalized between Lebanon and the UK, however, both countries still have a lot of things in parenting styles that can be compared and contrasted.  The parenting styles of the UK and Lebanon can be compared and contrasted by focusing on three main parts of the discussion:  Culture values of local Lebanon people and the UK, the role of religion, and both as a modern society.

Discussion

The UK and Lebanon both carry different cultural values which cause different parenting styles. Lebanon is a country where most of the people are conservative and exhibits a great deal of respect for modesty and chastity. Most Lebanese believe in organized religion and parliamentary government (Religion held in Lebanon, 2021).  On the other hand, UK cultural values are different. The people of the UK are open-minded and free thinkers. The culture of the UK promotes liberalism which causes parenting styles accordingly (Chan Anita Koo, T., 2021). Because of the bigoted culture of Lebanese, the parenting style is authoritative. Lebanon children are suppressed under the heavy weight of morality from their childhood in the contrast, the UK parents are more modern and generous so they carry the permissive styles.

Religious thoughts play critical roles in defining the parenting styles of any country. Lebanon is a strongly religious country where almost all the population has a religious affiliation. A study conducted by Statistics Lebanon in 2020 shows Lebanon’s population is estimated to be 50% Muslim, 45% Christian, 5% Melkite, and 5.2% Druze (“Religion in Lebanon – Wikipedia”, 2021). In contrast, the UK is a hub of atheism and no religious people. The proportion of people in the UK who say they are not God “very or extremely non-religious” has more than doubled, from 14% to 33% in the past two decades (Chan Anita Koo, T., 2021). Because of this contrast in religion, both countries have different parenting styles. In Lebanon, people are religious, so they value the concept of morality, and because of moral influence, parents consider their rights confidently which leads to authoritarian parenting styles. On the other side, parents in the UK are broad-minded so they let their child do their free will which leads to uninvolved parenting styles.

A big proportion of Lebanese society also is very modern and similar to certain cultures in the UK.  That proportion of Lebanon is linked culturally to Europe through France.  The uniquely diverse religious composition makes a rare environment that is at once European and Arab (Chan Anita Koo, 2021) So, because of this modern society, we found similarities between these two countries’ parenting styles, which are closer to authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved parenting styles.

Conclusion

To summarize, we have compared and contrasted the parenting styles of the UK and Lebanon by focusing on the cultural values of local Lebanon people and the UK, religion, and both modern societies.  Because the UK and Lebanon, both carry different cultural values, these countries have different parenting styles. Besides, the role of religion is also critical in defining the parenting styles of both countries, meanwhile, the big proportion of Lebanese society also is very modern and similar to certain cultures in the UK which leads to similar parenting styles.

References

Chan Anita Koo, T., 2021. Parenting style and youth outcomes in the UK – Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER). [online] Iser.essex.ac.uk. Available at: <https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/research/publications/513419> [Accessed 23 March 2021].

Parenting Styles And Their Effect On Children Behavior Education Essay. (2021). Retrieved 31 March 2021, from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/parenting-styles-and-their-effect-on-children-behavior-education-essay.php

Religion in Lebanon – Wikipedia. (2021). Retrieved 31 March 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon

Warash, Bobbie. “Are Middle-Class Parents Authoritative with a Touch of Permissiveness?.” Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin 74. 22007 28-31. Chua, Amy. Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior the Wall Street Journal

What Is My Parenting Style? Four Types of Parenting. (2021). Retrieved 31 March 2021, from https://www.brighthorizons.com/family-resources/parenting-style-four-types-of-parenting (2021). Retrieved 31 March 2021, from https://www.scielo.br/pdf/cint/v40n2/0102-8529-cint-2018400200002.pdf
post
2022-07-24 05:19:18